[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f7eqCAzXUvjri1REXANM3B1dGy1KwfpNn2L0YpFRhp5Q":3},{"article":4,"iocs":48,"watch_terms":56,"solutions":57,"lesson":147},{"id":5,"title":6,"slug":7,"summary":8,"ai_summary":9,"brief":10,"url":11,"image_url":12,"published_at":13,"ingested_at":14,"relevance_score":15,"entities":16,"category_id":26,"category":27,"article_tags":30},"0434bdb5-6d09-40b8-bdde-faa5ba5c752c","Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard","wartsila-fos-onboard-2f5bf3","View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to deliver an unauthorized update, execute code, or extract credentials to allow the attacker to impersonate a privileged client. The following versions of Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard are affected: FOS-Onboard 5.07.0923.01 (CVE-2026-78225, CVE-2026-81855) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 9.1 Wärtsilä Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key Background Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Transportation Systems Countries\u002FAreas Deployed: Worldwide Company Headquarters Location: Finland Vulnerabilities Expand All + CVE-2026-78225 A hardcoded cryptographic server key vulnerability exists in the deployer-ng Update Controller component of Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard. View CVE Details Affected Products Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard Vendor: Wärtsilä Product Version: Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard: 5.07.0923.01 Product Status: known_affected Remediations Mitigation Wärtsilä states that the vulnerabilities are not exploitable when the product is installed as recommended, and has developed a security patch. Users are also directed to contact Wärtsilä to obtain and install the patch. To obtain and install the latest patch, contact Wärtsilä: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wartsila.com\u002Fservices-catalogue\u002Fengine-services-4-stroke\u002Fwartsila-ics-patch-deployment#contact Relevant CWE: CWE-321 Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key Metrics CVSS Version Base Score Base Severity Vector String 3.1 9 CRITICAL CVSS:3.1\u002FAV:N\u002FAC:H\u002FPR:N\u002FUI:N\u002FS:C\u002FC:H\u002FI:H\u002FA:H 4.0 9.5 CRITICAL CVSS:4.0\u002FAV:N\u002FAC:H\u002FAT:N\u002FPR:N\u002FUI:N\u002FVC:H\u002FVI:H\u002FVA:H\u002FSC:H\u002FSI:H\u002FSA:H CVE-2026-81855 A hardcoded cryptographic client authentication key vulnerability exists in the robot testing framework component of Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard. View CVE Details Affected Products Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard Vendor: Wärtsilä Product Version: Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard: 5.07.0923.01 Product Status: known_affected Remediations Mitigation Wärtsilä states that the vulnerabilities are not exploitable when the product is installed as recommended, and has developed a security patch. Users are also directed to contact Wärtsilä to obtain and install the patch. To obtain and install the latest patch, contact Wärtsilä: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wartsila.com\u002Fservices-catalogue\u002Fengine-services-4-stroke\u002Fwartsila-ics-patch-deployment#contact Relevant CWE: CWE-321 Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key Metrics CVSS Version Base Score Base Severity Vector String 3.1 9.1 CRITICAL CVSS:3.1\u002FAV:N\u002FAC:L\u002FPR:N\u002FUI:N\u002FS:U\u002FC:H\u002FI:H\u002FA:N 4.0 9.3 CRITICAL CVSS:4.0\u002FAV:N\u002FAC:L\u002FAT:N\u002FPR:N\u002FUI:N\u002FVC:H\u002FVI:H\u002FVA:N\u002FSC:N\u002FSI:N\u002FSA:N Acknowledgments Cydome Security Ltd reported these vulnerabilities to Wärtsilä and CISA Legal Notice and Terms of Use This product is provided subject to this Notification (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cisa.gov\u002Fnotification) and this Privacy & Use policy (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cisa.gov\u002Fprivacy-policy). Recommended Practices CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and\u002For systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet. Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks. When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as virtual private networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov\u002Fics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets. Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov\u002Fics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks: Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages. Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams. Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks. No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. Revision History Initial Release Date: 2026-09-15 Date Revision Summary 2026-09-15 1 Initial Publication Legal Notice and Terms of Use","Two critical vulnerabilities, CVE-2026-78225 and CVE-2026-81855, have been discovered in Wärtsilä's FOS-Onboard software, affecting version 5.07.0923.01. These flaws, stemming from the use of hard-coded cryptographic keys, could permit attackers to deliver unauthorized updates, execute arbitrary code, or steal credentials, potentially leading to impersonation of privileged clients. Wärtsilä has developed a patch and advises users to contact them for installation, noting that exploitation is unlikely if the product is installed as recommended.","Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard has critical vulnerabilities allowing unauthorized updates and code execution.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cisa.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fics-advisories\u002Ficsa-26-258-02",null,"2026-09-15T12:00:00+00:00","2026-09-15T16:00:37.813532+00:00",8,[17,20,23],{"name":18,"type":19},"FOS-Onboard","product",{"name":21,"type":22},"Wärtsilä","vendor",{"name":24,"type":25},"Industrial Control Systems","technology","80544778-fabb-4dcd-aa35-17492e5dcf4f",{"id":26,"icon":12,"name":28,"slug":29},"Vulnerabilities","vulnerabilities",[31,36,38,43],{"category":32},{"id":33,"icon":12,"name":34,"slug":35},"6cbdd207-aaa1-4176-9534-e156b125e917","Nation-state","nation-state",{"category":37},{"id":26,"icon":12,"name":28,"slug":29},{"category":39},{"id":40,"icon":12,"name":41,"slug":42},"d6f63bb8-0801-486a-be7f-171400700454","IoT\u002FOT","iot-ot",{"category":44},{"id":45,"icon":12,"name":46,"slug":47},"e7b231c8-5f79-4465-8d38-1ef13aea5a14","Threat Intelligence","threat-intelligence",[49,53],{"type":50,"value":51,"context":52},"cve","CVE-2026-78225","Hardcoded cryptographic server key vulnerability in Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard deployer-ng Update Controller component.",{"type":50,"value":54,"context":55},"CVE-2026-81855","Hardcoded cryptographic client authentication key vulnerability in Wärtsilä FOS-Onboard robot testing framework component.",[21,18],{"controls":58,"vendors":146},[59,88,117],{"slug":60,"name":61,"problem":62,"products":63},"patch-management","Automated patch management","Known holes get closed in days, not months.",[64,72,80],{"vendor_slug":65,"vendor_name":66,"vendor_logo":67,"product_slug":68,"product_name":69,"url":70,"description":71},"microsoft","Microsoft","\u002Fvendor-logos\u002Fmicrosoft.png","intune","Microsoft Intune","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.microsoft.com\u002Fen-us\u002Fsecurity\u002Fbusiness\u002Fmicrosoft-intune","Device management for Windows, macOS, iOS and Android, including update rings and compliance policies.",{"vendor_slug":73,"vendor_name":74,"vendor_logo":75,"product_slug":76,"product_name":77,"url":78,"description":79},"action1","Action1","\u002Fvendor-logos\u002Faction1.png","action1-patch-management","Action1 Patch Management","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.action1.com\u002F","Cloud-native patch management for Windows, macOS and third-party applications.",{"vendor_slug":81,"vendor_name":82,"vendor_logo":83,"product_slug":84,"product_name":85,"url":86,"description":87},"ninjaone","NinjaOne","\u002Fvendor-logos\u002Fninjaone.png","ninjaone-patch-management","NinjaOne Patch Management","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ninjaone.com\u002Fpatch-management\u002F","Automated patching of operating systems and third-party applications from the cloud.",{"slug":89,"name":90,"problem":91,"products":92},"ot-security","OT and industrial control system security","Factory, building and utility control systems get visibility and protection.",[93,101,109],{"vendor_slug":94,"vendor_name":95,"vendor_logo":96,"product_slug":97,"product_name":98,"url":99,"description":100},"claroty","Claroty","\u002Fvendor-logos\u002Fclaroty.png","xdome","Claroty xDome","https:\u002F\u002Fclaroty.com\u002Findustrial-cybersecurity\u002Fxdome","Asset inventory, vulnerability management and threat detection for industrial networks.",{"vendor_slug":102,"vendor_name":103,"vendor_logo":104,"product_slug":105,"product_name":106,"url":107,"description":108},"nozomi-networks","Nozomi Networks","\u002Fvendor-logos\u002Fnozomi-networks.png","guardian","Nozomi Networks Guardian","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nozominetworks.com\u002Fplatform\u002Fguardian","Passive monitoring, asset inventory and threat detection for OT and IoT networks.",{"vendor_slug":110,"vendor_name":111,"vendor_logo":112,"product_slug":113,"product_name":114,"url":115,"description":116},"dragos","Dragos","\u002Fvendor-logos\u002Fdragos.png","dragos-platform","Dragos Platform","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dragos.com\u002Fcybersecurity-platform\u002F","OT asset visibility, threat detection and response guidance for industrial environments.",{"slug":118,"name":119,"problem":120,"products":121},"encryption-key-management","Encryption and key management","Stolen data stays unreadable, and the keys stay under your control.",[122,130,138],{"vendor_slug":123,"vendor_name":124,"vendor_logo":125,"product_slug":126,"product_name":127,"url":128,"description":129},"utimaco","Utimaco","\u002Fvendor-logos\u002Futimaco.png","utimaco-hsm","Utimaco General Purpose HSM","https:\u002F\u002Futimaco.com\u002Fdata-protection\u002Fgp-hsm","Hardware security modules for key generation, storage and cryptographic operations.",{"vendor_slug":131,"vendor_name":132,"vendor_logo":133,"product_slug":134,"product_name":135,"url":136,"description":137},"thales","Thales","\u002Fvendor-logos\u002Fthales.png","ciphertrust","CipherTrust Data Security Platform","https:\u002F\u002Fcpl.thalesgroup.com\u002Fencryption\u002Fdata-security-platform","Data discovery, encryption and central key management across on-premises and cloud.",{"vendor_slug":139,"vendor_name":140,"vendor_logo":141,"product_slug":142,"product_name":143,"url":144,"description":145},"hashicorp","HashiCorp","\u002Fvendor-logos\u002Fhashicorp.png","vault","HashiCorp Vault","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hashicorp.com\u002Fen\u002Fproducts\u002Fvault","Secrets management with short-lived credentials and encryption as a service.",[],{"slug":148,"title":149,"body":150,"framework_refs":151,"framework_notes":161},"hard-coded-cryptographic-keys-expose-wrtsil-marine-software-to-remote-code-execution","Hard-Coded Cryptographic Keys Expose Wärtsilä Marine Software to Remote Code Execution","The core failure in Wärtsilä's FOS-Onboard software stems from the use of hard-coded cryptographic keys — a well-known and avoidable anti-pattern in secure software development. Hard-coded keys are inherently dangerous because any attacker who discovers them (through reverse engineering or a leak) gains a permanent, shared secret that cannot be rotated without a full software update. In this case, the consequences are severe: unauthorized firmware updates, arbitrary code execution, and credential theft on maritime operational technology (OT) systems. This matters enormously in marine environments where software integrity directly affects vessel safety and operational continuity. The incident underscores that cryptographic secrets must never be embedded in code and that OT vendors must apply secure-by-design principles from the earliest stages of development.",[152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160],"CIS Control 2 – Inventory and Control of Software Assets","CIS Control 7 – Continuous Vulnerability Management","CIS Control 16 – Application Software Security","NIST SP 800-82 – Guide to ICS Security","NIST CSF PR.IP-2 – System Development Life Cycle for Security","NIST SP 800-57 – Recommendation for Key Management","IEC 62443-4-2 – Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems (Component Requirements)","ITIL Change Management – Controlled patching and change authorization processes","GDPR Article 32 – Security of processing (where personal data may be at risk via credential theft)",{}]